India's unitary judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India at the national level, for the entire country and the 24 High Courts at the State & Union territory level. These courts have jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of states and union territories. Below the High Courts are a hierarchy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts. High Courts are instituted as constitutional courts under Part VI, Chapter V, Article 214 of the Indian Constitution.[1]
The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in the state along with District Courts which are subordinate to the High courts. However, High courts exercise their original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the courts subordinate to the High court in the state are not competent (not authorized by law) to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters if so designated specifically in a state or Federal law. e.g.: Company law cases are instituted only in a High court.
However, primarily the work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the Constitution of India. Writ Jurisdiction is also original jurisdiction of High Court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each High Court varies. The appeal order is the following: tehsil-kotwali-criminal/civil courts - district - high court - supreme court.
Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a 'District and Sessions Judge'. He is known as a District Judge when he presides over a civil case, and a Sessions Judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a High Court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states.
Under Article 141 of the Constitution of India, all courts in India (which includes High courts) are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.
Judges in a High Court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the governor of the state. High Courts are headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established on 2 July 1862. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches (or a branch of the court) established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session.
Contents [hide]
1 High Courts
2 High Courts by state/ union territory
3 Courts under High Court
4 Notes and Citations
5 References
High Courts[edit]
The Bombay High Court in Mumbai, one of the first four High Courts of India.
Calcutta High Court, one of the first four High Courts of India.
The Allahabad High Court in Allahabad, one of the first four High Courts of India.
The Karnataka High Court in Bengaluru.
The Gujarat High Court in Ahmedabad.
The Andhra Pradesh High Court in Hyderabad.
A working day view of Kerala High Court
The Madras High Court in Chennai, Bombay High Court in Mumbai, Calcutta High Court in Kolkatta and Allahabad High Court in Allahabad are the first four High Courts in India.
The following are the 24 High Courts of India sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, headquarters, benches, and the maximum number of judges sanctioned.
Court name Established Act established Jurisdiction Seat Benches Jud. Chief Justice
Allahabad High Court[2] 1866-06-11 High Courts Act, 1861 Uttar Pradesh Allahabad Lucknow 95 Hon'ble Shri Shiv Kriti Singh
Andhra Pradesh High Court 1954-07-05 Andhra State Act, 1953 Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 39 Hon'ble The Chief Justice P.C. Ghose
Bombay High Court 1862-08-14 High Courts Act, 1861 Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu Mumbai Nagpur, Panaji, Aurangabad 60 Hon'ble Shri Justice Mohit Shah
Calcutta High Court 14 August 1862 High Courts Act, 1861 West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Kolkata Port Blair (circuit bench) 63 Hon'ble Shri Justice Arun Mishra
Chhattisgarh High Court 2000-01-11 Madhya Pradesh Re-organisation Act, 2000 Chhattisgarh Bilaspur 12 Hon'ble Shri Justice Yatindra Singh
Delhi High Court[3] 1966-10-31 Delhi High Court Act, 1966 National Capital Territory of Delhi New Delhi 43 Hon'ble Shri Justice D. Murugesan
Gauhati High Court[4] 1948-03-01 Government of India Act, 1935 Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram Guwahati Kohima, Aizwal, Itanagar 27 Hon'ble Shri Justice A K Goel
Gujarat High Court 1960-05-01 Bombay Reorgansisation Act, 1960 Gujarat Ahmedabad 42 Hon'ble Shri Chief Justice Bhaskar Bhattacharya
Himachal Pradesh High Court 1971 State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970 Himachal Pradesh Shimla 09 Hon'ble Mr. Justice Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar
Jammu and Kashmir High Court 1943-08-28 Letters Patent issued by the Maharaja of Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar & Jammu[5] 14 Hon'ble Shri Justice Mahesh Mittal Kumar
Jharkhand High Court 2000-11-15 Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 Jharkhand Ranchi 12 Hon'ble Shri Justice Prakash Tatia
Karnataka High Court[6] 1884 Mysore High Court Act, 1884 Karnataka Bengaluru Circuit Benches at Hubli-Dharwad & Gulbarga 40 Hon'ble Shri Chief Justice D.H.Waghela
Kerala High Court[7] 1956 States Reorganisation Act, 1956 Kerala, Lakshadweep Kochi 40 Hon'ble Smt Justice Manjula Chellur
Madhya Pradesh High Court[8] 1936-01-02 Government of India Act, 1935 Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Gwalior, Indore 42 Hon'ble Shri Justice Sharad Arvind Bobade
Madras High Court 1862-08-15 High Courts Act, 1861 Tamil Nadu, Puducherry Chennai Madurai 47
Manipur High Court 2013-03-25 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Manipur, Imphal 3 Hon'ble Shri Justice Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra
Meghalaya High Court 2013-03-25 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Meghalaya, Shillong 3 Hon'ble Shri Justice T. Meena Kumari
Orissa High Court 1948-04-03 Orissa High Court Order, 1948 Odisha Cuttack 27 Hon'ble Shri Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel
Patna High Court 1916-09-02 Government of India Act, 1915 Bihar Patna 43 Hon'ble Ms Justice Rekha Doshit
Punjab and Haryana High Court[9] 1947-11-08 High Court (Punjab) Order, 1947 Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh Chandigarh 53 Hon'ble Shri Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul
Rajasthan High Court 1949-06-21 Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949 Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur 40 Hon'ble Shri Justice Amitava Roy
Sikkim High Court 1975 The 38th amendment to the Constitution of India Sikkim Gangtok 03 Hon'ble Shri Acting Chief Justice Sonam Phintso Wangdi
Tripura High Court 2013-03-26 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Tripura Agartala 04 Hon'ble Chief Justice Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra
Uttarakhand High Court 2000-11-09 Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 Uttarakhand Nainital 09 Hon'ble Shri Justice Barin Ghosh
High Courts by state/ union territory[edit]
State or UT Court Principal Seat/(Bench having jurisdiction of the State)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Calcutta High Court Kolkata (Circuit Bench at Port Blair)
Arunachal Pradesh Gauhati High Court Guwahati (Bench at Itanagar)
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh High Court Hyderabad
Assam Gauhati High Court Guwahati
Bihar Patna High Court Patna
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh High Court Bilaspur
Chandigarh Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Bombay High Court Mumbai
Daman and Diu Bombay High Court Mumbai
National Capital Territory of Delhi Delhi High Court New Delhi
Goa Bombay High Court Mumbai (Bench at Panaji)
Gujarat Gujarat High Court Ahmedabad
Haryana Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh High Court Shimla
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir High Court Srinagar/Jammu
Jharkhand Jharkhand High Court Ranchi
Karnataka Karnataka High Court Bengaluru (Bench at Dharwad and Gulbarga)
Kerala Kerala High Court Kochi
Lakshadweep Kerala High Court Kochi
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh High Court Jabalpur (Bench at Gwalior and Indore)
Maharashtra Bombay High Court Mumbai (Bench at Aurangabad and Nagpur)
Manipur Manipur High Court Imphal
Meghalaya Meghalaya High Court Shillong
Mizoram Gauhati High Court Guwahati (Bench at Aizawl)
Nagaland Gauhati High Court Guwahati (Bench at Kohima)
Odisha Orissa High Court Cuttack
Puducherry Madras High Court Chennai
Punjab Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Rajasthan Rajasthan High Court Jodhpur (Bench at Jaipur)
Sikkim Sikkim High Court Gangtok
Tamil Nadu Madras High Court Chennai (Bench at Madurai)
Tripura Tripura High Court Agartala
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand High Court Nainital
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad High Court Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)
West Bengal Calcutta High Court Kolkata
Courts under High Court[edit]
India is currently among the top three fastest growing economies of the world. As a natural corollary India's energy needs too are fast expanding with its increased industrialization and capacity addition in Power generation. This is where 'Coal' steps in. In India coal is the critical input for major infrastructure industries like Power, Steel and Cement.
Coal is the most dominant energy source in India's energy scenario.
Coal meets around 52% of primary commercial energy needs in India against 29% the world over.
Around 66% of India's power generation is coal based.
India is the 3rd largest coal producing country in the world after China and USA.
Coal India Limited at a glance
Coal India Limited (CIL) as an organized state owned coal mining corporate came into being in November 1975 with the government taking over private coal mines. With a modest production of 79 Million Tonnes (MTs) at the year of its inception CIL today is the single largest coal producer in the world. Operating through 81 mining areas CIL is an apex body with 7 wholly owned coal producing subsidiaries and 1 mine planning and consultancy company spread over 8 provincial states of India. CIL also fully owns a mining company in Mozambique christened as 'Coal India Africana Limitada'. CIL also manages 200 other establishments like workshops, hospitals etc. Further, it also owns 26 technical & management training institutes and 102 Vocational Training Institutes Centres. Indian Institute of Coal Management (IICM) as a state-of-the-art Management Training 'Centre of Excellence' - the largest Corporate Training Institute in India - operates under CIL and conducts multi disciplinary management development programmes.
CIL having fulfilled the financial and other prerequisites was granted the Maharatna recognition in April 2011. It is a privileged status conferred by Government of India to select state owned enterprises in order to empower them to expand their operations and emerge as global giants. So far, the select club has only five members out of 217 Central Public Sector Enterprises in the country.
Unmatched Strategic Relevance
Produces around 81.1% of India's overall coal production
In India where approximately 52% of primary commercial energy is coal dependent, CIL alone meets to the tune of 40% of primary commercial energy requirement
Commands nearly 74% of the Indian coal market
Feeds 82 out of 86 coal based thermal power plants in India
Accounts for 76% of total thermal power generating capacity of the Utility sector
Supplies coal at prices discounted to international prices
Insulates Indian coal consumers against price volatility
Makes the end user industry globally competitive
Thus, plays a key role in "India Growth Story" and making India incorporate globally competitive.
Mission of Coal India Limited
The Mission of Coal India Limited is to Produce planned quantity of coal Efficiently and Economically in an Eco-friendly manner with due regard to Safety, Conservation & Quality.
Corporate Structure and Subsidiary Companies
Coal India is a holding company with seven wholly owned coal producing subsidiary companies and one mine planning & consultancy company. It encompasses the whole gamut of identification of coal reserves, detailed exploration followed by design and implementation and optimizing operations for coal extraction in its mines. The producing companies are:
Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL), Sanctoria, West Bengal
Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), Dhanbad, Jharkhand
Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Ranchi, Jharkhand
South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), Bilaspur, Chattisgarh
Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), Nagpur, Maharashtra
Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL), Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh
Mahanadi Coalfields Limtied (MCL), Sambalpur, Orissa
Coal India Africana Limitada, Mozambique
The consultancy company is Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited (CMPDIL), Ranchi, Jharkhand.
North Eastern Coalfields (NEC) a small coal producing unit operating in Margherita, Assam is under direct operational control of CIL.
Coal India's major consumers are Power and Steel sectors. Others include Cement, Fertiliser, Brick Kilns, and small scale industries.
MoU Excellence
For previous three consecutive years CIL has bagged 'Excellent' rating in its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) - a negotiated contract between Government and CIL Management - for performance evaluation on key physical and financial parameters.
Production and Growth
Produces over 400 Million Tonnes of Coal annually. Coal production ending Financial Year 2011 was 431.32 Million Tonnes (MTs). CIL's dynamic production momentum is evident in the fact that in recent years, CIL leaped from 300 MTs mark achieved in 2003-04 to 400 MTs (2008-09) in a time span of 5 years. It took CIL 12 years to cross the 300 MTs production mark from that of 200 MTs achieved in 1991-92. CIL Is targeted to produce 452 MTs FY ending 2012.
Two of the subsidiary companies of CIL South Eastern Coalfields Limited and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited are in the elite club of 100 MTs coal producing companies which number only a few worldwide.
Acquiring assets abroad
It is becoming increasingly evident that domestic coal demand is far outstripping the indigenous production in India. The gap between demand and supply is ever expanding. Especially so in the wake of increased capacity addition in power sector which predominantly coal dependent.
In spite of best efforts, realistically CIL would not be able to satiate growing coal demand. Letters of Assurance (LoA) issued so far are already in excess of CIL's production. Present analysis indicate that there would be a shortage of 350 MTs of coal by 2016-17. To meet this need coal import is inevitable.
CIL has taken it upon itself, in the interest of meeting the country's energy requirement, and is foraying into foreign shores for acquisition of coal properties. For the purpose CIL has adopted a three pronged approach. Acquisition of coal properties directly on its own; through equity participation with coal mining companies abroad and through long term coal off-take contracts.
Transparency Initiatives
Introduced e-auction for selling coal to any consumer from any location in a transparent manner.
Introduced Integrity Pact in High Value Procurement.
e- procurement introduced for speeding up purchase of vital inputs
Employee Welfare& CSR
Pursues a structured CSR policy around coal mining areas to improve quality of life with community consensus and inclusive participation
Mobile Dispensaries and wellness clinics introduced on a large scale.
Tele-medicine facilities introduced in central hospitals.
Provides medical services to employees, their families and local populace through 86 fully equipped hospitals having 5835 beds.
Employs 1524 specialist Doctors.
Runs 423 dispensaries and has 640 Ambulances.
Provides potable water to about 2.3 million populace in remote corners of CIL's areas of operation
Supports 536 schools under different categories - Project Schools (55); Privately managed Schools with grant packages (284); Private Committee Managed Educational Institutes (72) and other schools where occasional grants are given (125).
Introduced 'Coal India Scholarships' for 100 Below Poverty Line students plus 25 wards of land losers in government engineering and medical colleges. Scholarship covers education, hostel and mess charges
Meets the entire cost of wards of workmen securing admission in government engineering and medical colleges
Committed to generate employment opportunities for people in mining areas by providing vocational training.
The company Pursues 'Mining with a human face' through socially sustainable inclusive model of growth by making Project Affected People stakeholders in the decision making process for their livelihood.
Medical facilities extended to nearby communities in fully equipped company hospitals.
Mobile dispensaries and Tele-medicine facilities meant for employees also extended to nearby village populace.
(Figures are as of April 2011)
Care for Environment
One of the inherent tendencies of coal mining is degradation of the land and environment. CIL constantly addresses the impact of mining activities across environmental and social issues. Eco-friendly mining systems have been put in place in all of its mining areas. To make environmental mitigation measures more transparent, CIL introduced state-of-the-art Satellite Surveillance to monitor land reclamation and restoration for all opencast projects.
Coal India has made afforestation over an area of around 32,000 Hectares while the total forest area degraded due to mining operation is around 12,800 Hectares, which means, for every hectare of forest land degraded, CIL has made plantation in 2.5 Hectares of land.
Committed to minimize the adverse impact of coal mining on environment through well structured Environment Management Plans and sustainable development activities.
As a part of 'Clean & Green' programme, massive plantation has been taken up by CIL wherever land is available. CIL has till date planted over 73 million trees.
A positive result of this effort towards improvement of environment through massive plantation undertaken in Singrauli Coalfields since 1985, is such that the analysis for the period 1985-1995 and 1996-2002 carried out by Conservator of Forest indicates that the annual average maximum temperature in Singrauli has decreased by 0.4oC while the annual average rainy days increased by 11.2 days and average annual rainfall has increased by 105.6 mm.
CIL has started integration of Environment Management System (ISO:14001) with Quality Management System (ISO:9001) and till date have successfully achieved certification of 53 of its projects. This integration is being extended to all mines in phases.
The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in the state along with District Courts which are subordinate to the High courts. However, High courts exercise their original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the courts subordinate to the High court in the state are not competent (not authorized by law) to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters if so designated specifically in a state or Federal law. e.g.: Company law cases are instituted only in a High court.
However, primarily the work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the Constitution of India. Writ Jurisdiction is also original jurisdiction of High Court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each High Court varies. The appeal order is the following: tehsil-kotwali-criminal/civil courts - district - high court - supreme court.
Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a 'District and Sessions Judge'. He is known as a District Judge when he presides over a civil case, and a Sessions Judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a High Court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states.
Under Article 141 of the Constitution of India, all courts in India (which includes High courts) are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.
Judges in a High Court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the governor of the state. High Courts are headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established on 2 July 1862. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches (or a branch of the court) established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session.
Contents [hide]
1 High Courts
2 High Courts by state/ union territory
3 Courts under High Court
4 Notes and Citations
5 References
High Courts[edit]
The Bombay High Court in Mumbai, one of the first four High Courts of India.
Calcutta High Court, one of the first four High Courts of India.
The Allahabad High Court in Allahabad, one of the first four High Courts of India.
The Karnataka High Court in Bengaluru.
The Gujarat High Court in Ahmedabad.
The Andhra Pradesh High Court in Hyderabad.
A working day view of Kerala High Court
The Madras High Court in Chennai, Bombay High Court in Mumbai, Calcutta High Court in Kolkatta and Allahabad High Court in Allahabad are the first four High Courts in India.
The following are the 24 High Courts of India sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, headquarters, benches, and the maximum number of judges sanctioned.
Court name Established Act established Jurisdiction Seat Benches Jud. Chief Justice
Allahabad High Court[2] 1866-06-11 High Courts Act, 1861 Uttar Pradesh Allahabad Lucknow 95 Hon'ble Shri Shiv Kriti Singh
Andhra Pradesh High Court 1954-07-05 Andhra State Act, 1953 Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 39 Hon'ble The Chief Justice P.C. Ghose
Bombay High Court 1862-08-14 High Courts Act, 1861 Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu Mumbai Nagpur, Panaji, Aurangabad 60 Hon'ble Shri Justice Mohit Shah
Calcutta High Court 14 August 1862 High Courts Act, 1861 West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Kolkata Port Blair (circuit bench) 63 Hon'ble Shri Justice Arun Mishra
Chhattisgarh High Court 2000-01-11 Madhya Pradesh Re-organisation Act, 2000 Chhattisgarh Bilaspur 12 Hon'ble Shri Justice Yatindra Singh
Delhi High Court[3] 1966-10-31 Delhi High Court Act, 1966 National Capital Territory of Delhi New Delhi 43 Hon'ble Shri Justice D. Murugesan
Gauhati High Court[4] 1948-03-01 Government of India Act, 1935 Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram Guwahati Kohima, Aizwal, Itanagar 27 Hon'ble Shri Justice A K Goel
Gujarat High Court 1960-05-01 Bombay Reorgansisation Act, 1960 Gujarat Ahmedabad 42 Hon'ble Shri Chief Justice Bhaskar Bhattacharya
Himachal Pradesh High Court 1971 State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970 Himachal Pradesh Shimla 09 Hon'ble Mr. Justice Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar
Jammu and Kashmir High Court 1943-08-28 Letters Patent issued by the Maharaja of Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar & Jammu[5] 14 Hon'ble Shri Justice Mahesh Mittal Kumar
Jharkhand High Court 2000-11-15 Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 Jharkhand Ranchi 12 Hon'ble Shri Justice Prakash Tatia
Karnataka High Court[6] 1884 Mysore High Court Act, 1884 Karnataka Bengaluru Circuit Benches at Hubli-Dharwad & Gulbarga 40 Hon'ble Shri Chief Justice D.H.Waghela
Kerala High Court[7] 1956 States Reorganisation Act, 1956 Kerala, Lakshadweep Kochi 40 Hon'ble Smt Justice Manjula Chellur
Madhya Pradesh High Court[8] 1936-01-02 Government of India Act, 1935 Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Gwalior, Indore 42 Hon'ble Shri Justice Sharad Arvind Bobade
Madras High Court 1862-08-15 High Courts Act, 1861 Tamil Nadu, Puducherry Chennai Madurai 47
Manipur High Court 2013-03-25 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Manipur, Imphal 3 Hon'ble Shri Justice Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra
Meghalaya High Court 2013-03-25 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Meghalaya, Shillong 3 Hon'ble Shri Justice T. Meena Kumari
Orissa High Court 1948-04-03 Orissa High Court Order, 1948 Odisha Cuttack 27 Hon'ble Shri Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel
Patna High Court 1916-09-02 Government of India Act, 1915 Bihar Patna 43 Hon'ble Ms Justice Rekha Doshit
Punjab and Haryana High Court[9] 1947-11-08 High Court (Punjab) Order, 1947 Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh Chandigarh 53 Hon'ble Shri Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul
Rajasthan High Court 1949-06-21 Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949 Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur 40 Hon'ble Shri Justice Amitava Roy
Sikkim High Court 1975 The 38th amendment to the Constitution of India Sikkim Gangtok 03 Hon'ble Shri Acting Chief Justice Sonam Phintso Wangdi
Tripura High Court 2013-03-26 North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012 Tripura Agartala 04 Hon'ble Chief Justice Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra
Uttarakhand High Court 2000-11-09 Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 Uttarakhand Nainital 09 Hon'ble Shri Justice Barin Ghosh
High Courts by state/ union territory[edit]
State or UT Court Principal Seat/(Bench having jurisdiction of the State)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Calcutta High Court Kolkata (Circuit Bench at Port Blair)
Arunachal Pradesh Gauhati High Court Guwahati (Bench at Itanagar)
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh High Court Hyderabad
Assam Gauhati High Court Guwahati
Bihar Patna High Court Patna
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh High Court Bilaspur
Chandigarh Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Bombay High Court Mumbai
Daman and Diu Bombay High Court Mumbai
National Capital Territory of Delhi Delhi High Court New Delhi
Goa Bombay High Court Mumbai (Bench at Panaji)
Gujarat Gujarat High Court Ahmedabad
Haryana Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh High Court Shimla
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir High Court Srinagar/Jammu
Jharkhand Jharkhand High Court Ranchi
Karnataka Karnataka High Court Bengaluru (Bench at Dharwad and Gulbarga)
Kerala Kerala High Court Kochi
Lakshadweep Kerala High Court Kochi
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh High Court Jabalpur (Bench at Gwalior and Indore)
Maharashtra Bombay High Court Mumbai (Bench at Aurangabad and Nagpur)
Manipur Manipur High Court Imphal
Meghalaya Meghalaya High Court Shillong
Mizoram Gauhati High Court Guwahati (Bench at Aizawl)
Nagaland Gauhati High Court Guwahati (Bench at Kohima)
Odisha Orissa High Court Cuttack
Puducherry Madras High Court Chennai
Punjab Punjab and Haryana High Court Chandigarh
Rajasthan Rajasthan High Court Jodhpur (Bench at Jaipur)
Sikkim Sikkim High Court Gangtok
Tamil Nadu Madras High Court Chennai (Bench at Madurai)
Tripura Tripura High Court Agartala
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand High Court Nainital
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad High Court Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)
West Bengal Calcutta High Court Kolkata
Courts under High Court[edit]
India is currently among the top three fastest growing economies of the world. As a natural corollary India's energy needs too are fast expanding with its increased industrialization and capacity addition in Power generation. This is where 'Coal' steps in. In India coal is the critical input for major infrastructure industries like Power, Steel and Cement.
Coal is the most dominant energy source in India's energy scenario.
Coal meets around 52% of primary commercial energy needs in India against 29% the world over.
Around 66% of India's power generation is coal based.
India is the 3rd largest coal producing country in the world after China and USA.
Coal India Limited at a glance
Coal India Limited (CIL) as an organized state owned coal mining corporate came into being in November 1975 with the government taking over private coal mines. With a modest production of 79 Million Tonnes (MTs) at the year of its inception CIL today is the single largest coal producer in the world. Operating through 81 mining areas CIL is an apex body with 7 wholly owned coal producing subsidiaries and 1 mine planning and consultancy company spread over 8 provincial states of India. CIL also fully owns a mining company in Mozambique christened as 'Coal India Africana Limitada'. CIL also manages 200 other establishments like workshops, hospitals etc. Further, it also owns 26 technical & management training institutes and 102 Vocational Training Institutes Centres. Indian Institute of Coal Management (IICM) as a state-of-the-art Management Training 'Centre of Excellence' - the largest Corporate Training Institute in India - operates under CIL and conducts multi disciplinary management development programmes.
CIL having fulfilled the financial and other prerequisites was granted the Maharatna recognition in April 2011. It is a privileged status conferred by Government of India to select state owned enterprises in order to empower them to expand their operations and emerge as global giants. So far, the select club has only five members out of 217 Central Public Sector Enterprises in the country.
Unmatched Strategic Relevance
Produces around 81.1% of India's overall coal production
In India where approximately 52% of primary commercial energy is coal dependent, CIL alone meets to the tune of 40% of primary commercial energy requirement
Commands nearly 74% of the Indian coal market
Feeds 82 out of 86 coal based thermal power plants in India
Accounts for 76% of total thermal power generating capacity of the Utility sector
Supplies coal at prices discounted to international prices
Insulates Indian coal consumers against price volatility
Makes the end user industry globally competitive
Thus, plays a key role in "India Growth Story" and making India incorporate globally competitive.
Mission of Coal India Limited
The Mission of Coal India Limited is to Produce planned quantity of coal Efficiently and Economically in an Eco-friendly manner with due regard to Safety, Conservation & Quality.
Corporate Structure and Subsidiary Companies
Coal India is a holding company with seven wholly owned coal producing subsidiary companies and one mine planning & consultancy company. It encompasses the whole gamut of identification of coal reserves, detailed exploration followed by design and implementation and optimizing operations for coal extraction in its mines. The producing companies are:
Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL), Sanctoria, West Bengal
Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), Dhanbad, Jharkhand
Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Ranchi, Jharkhand
South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), Bilaspur, Chattisgarh
Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), Nagpur, Maharashtra
Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL), Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh
Mahanadi Coalfields Limtied (MCL), Sambalpur, Orissa
Coal India Africana Limitada, Mozambique
The consultancy company is Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited (CMPDIL), Ranchi, Jharkhand.
North Eastern Coalfields (NEC) a small coal producing unit operating in Margherita, Assam is under direct operational control of CIL.
Coal India's major consumers are Power and Steel sectors. Others include Cement, Fertiliser, Brick Kilns, and small scale industries.
MoU Excellence
For previous three consecutive years CIL has bagged 'Excellent' rating in its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) - a negotiated contract between Government and CIL Management - for performance evaluation on key physical and financial parameters.
Production and Growth
Produces over 400 Million Tonnes of Coal annually. Coal production ending Financial Year 2011 was 431.32 Million Tonnes (MTs). CIL's dynamic production momentum is evident in the fact that in recent years, CIL leaped from 300 MTs mark achieved in 2003-04 to 400 MTs (2008-09) in a time span of 5 years. It took CIL 12 years to cross the 300 MTs production mark from that of 200 MTs achieved in 1991-92. CIL Is targeted to produce 452 MTs FY ending 2012.
Two of the subsidiary companies of CIL South Eastern Coalfields Limited and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited are in the elite club of 100 MTs coal producing companies which number only a few worldwide.
Acquiring assets abroad
It is becoming increasingly evident that domestic coal demand is far outstripping the indigenous production in India. The gap between demand and supply is ever expanding. Especially so in the wake of increased capacity addition in power sector which predominantly coal dependent.
In spite of best efforts, realistically CIL would not be able to satiate growing coal demand. Letters of Assurance (LoA) issued so far are already in excess of CIL's production. Present analysis indicate that there would be a shortage of 350 MTs of coal by 2016-17. To meet this need coal import is inevitable.
CIL has taken it upon itself, in the interest of meeting the country's energy requirement, and is foraying into foreign shores for acquisition of coal properties. For the purpose CIL has adopted a three pronged approach. Acquisition of coal properties directly on its own; through equity participation with coal mining companies abroad and through long term coal off-take contracts.
Transparency Initiatives
Introduced e-auction for selling coal to any consumer from any location in a transparent manner.
Introduced Integrity Pact in High Value Procurement.
e- procurement introduced for speeding up purchase of vital inputs
Employee Welfare& CSR
Pursues a structured CSR policy around coal mining areas to improve quality of life with community consensus and inclusive participation
Mobile Dispensaries and wellness clinics introduced on a large scale.
Tele-medicine facilities introduced in central hospitals.
Provides medical services to employees, their families and local populace through 86 fully equipped hospitals having 5835 beds.
Employs 1524 specialist Doctors.
Runs 423 dispensaries and has 640 Ambulances.
Provides potable water to about 2.3 million populace in remote corners of CIL's areas of operation
Supports 536 schools under different categories - Project Schools (55); Privately managed Schools with grant packages (284); Private Committee Managed Educational Institutes (72) and other schools where occasional grants are given (125).
Introduced 'Coal India Scholarships' for 100 Below Poverty Line students plus 25 wards of land losers in government engineering and medical colleges. Scholarship covers education, hostel and mess charges
Meets the entire cost of wards of workmen securing admission in government engineering and medical colleges
Committed to generate employment opportunities for people in mining areas by providing vocational training.
The company Pursues 'Mining with a human face' through socially sustainable inclusive model of growth by making Project Affected People stakeholders in the decision making process for their livelihood.
Medical facilities extended to nearby communities in fully equipped company hospitals.
Mobile dispensaries and Tele-medicine facilities meant for employees also extended to nearby village populace.
(Figures are as of April 2011)
Care for Environment
One of the inherent tendencies of coal mining is degradation of the land and environment. CIL constantly addresses the impact of mining activities across environmental and social issues. Eco-friendly mining systems have been put in place in all of its mining areas. To make environmental mitigation measures more transparent, CIL introduced state-of-the-art Satellite Surveillance to monitor land reclamation and restoration for all opencast projects.
Coal India has made afforestation over an area of around 32,000 Hectares while the total forest area degraded due to mining operation is around 12,800 Hectares, which means, for every hectare of forest land degraded, CIL has made plantation in 2.5 Hectares of land.
Committed to minimize the adverse impact of coal mining on environment through well structured Environment Management Plans and sustainable development activities.
As a part of 'Clean & Green' programme, massive plantation has been taken up by CIL wherever land is available. CIL has till date planted over 73 million trees.
A positive result of this effort towards improvement of environment through massive plantation undertaken in Singrauli Coalfields since 1985, is such that the analysis for the period 1985-1995 and 1996-2002 carried out by Conservator of Forest indicates that the annual average maximum temperature in Singrauli has decreased by 0.4oC while the annual average rainy days increased by 11.2 days and average annual rainfall has increased by 105.6 mm.
CIL has started integration of Environment Management System (ISO:14001) with Quality Management System (ISO:9001) and till date have successfully achieved certification of 53 of its projects. This integration is being extended to all mines in phases.
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